Recommended Reading:
Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press, 2010.
Forman, James Jr. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.
Howard, Marc. Unusually Cruel. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Sources used:
“A Brief History of the Drug War.” Drug Policy Alliance. Accessed February 2018. http://www.drugpolicy.org/issues/brief-history-drug-war
Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press, 2010.
Brunson, Rod K. and Jody Miller. “Young Black Men and Urban Policing in the United States.” The British Journal of Criminology 46, no. 4 (2005): 613-640. https://www.nlg-npap.org/sites/default/files/BrunsonandMillerYoungBlackMen.pdf
Davey, Joseph Dillon. The Politics of Prison Expansion: Winning Elections by Waging War on Crime. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998.
“Drug Scheduling.” United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Accessed February 2018. https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml
Forman, James Jr. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.
Gottschalk, Marie. Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton, NJ and Oxford, UK: Princeton University Press, 2015.
Guo, Jeff. “America’s tough approach to policing black communities began as a liberal idea.” The Washington Post. May 2, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/05/02/americas-tough-approach-to-policing-black-communities-began-as-a-liberal-idea/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.d53cde172b7a
Hall, Oriel Feldman and Peter Sokol-Hessner. “Is the Justice System Overly Punitive?” Scientific American. December 9, 2014. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-justice-system-overly-punitive/
Howard, Marc. Unusually Cruel. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017.
John, Arit. “A Timeline of the Rise and Fall of ‘Tough on Crime’ Drug Sentencing.” The Atlantic. April 22, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/04/a-timeline-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-tough-on-crime-drug-sentencing/360983/
Lopez, German. “The federal drug scheduling system, explained.” Vox. August 11, 2016. https://www.vox.com/2014/9/25/6842187/drug-schedule-list-marijuana
Madrigal, Alexis C. “The Racist Housing Policy That Made York Neighborhood.” The Atlantic. May 22, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/05/the-racist-housing-policy-that-made-your-neighborhood/371439/
Lynch, James P. and William J. Sabol. “Did Getting Tough on Crime Pay? Crime Policy Report No. 1.” The Urban Institute. August 01, 1997. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/70411/307337-Did-Getting-Tough-on-Crime-Pay-.pdf
“Mass Incarceration.” Equal Justice Initiative. Accessed February 2018. https://eji.org/mass-incarceration
Quinones, Sam. Dreamland: The True Tale of America’s Opiate Epidemic. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Press, 2015.
“School-To-Prison-Pipeline.” ACLU. Accessed February 2018. https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline
“Thirty Years of America’s Drug War: a Chronology.” PBS Frontline. Accessed February 2018. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/
“Timeline: America’s War on Drugs.” NPR. April 2, 2007. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9252490
Other works consulted:
Coates, Ta-Nehisi. “The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration.” The Atlantic. October 2015. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/10/the-black-family-in-the-age-of-mass-incarceration/403246/
Conklin, John E. “Why Crime Rates Fell.” Crime & Justice International 19, no. 72 (2003): 17-20. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=200216
Desmond-Harris, Jenée. “Are black communities overpoliced or underpoliced? Both.” Vox. April 14, 2015. https://www.vox.com/2015/4/14/8411733/black-community-policing-crime
Elias, Marilyn. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline.” Teaching Tolerance 43 (Spring 2013). https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/spring-2013/the-schooltoprison-pipeline
Fortner, Michael Javen. “The ‘Silent Majority’ in Black and White: Invisibility and Imprecision in the Historiography of Mass Incarceration.” Journal of Urban History 40, no. 2. (2013): 252 - 282.
Hinton, Elizabeth. From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
Picket, Xavier. “Policing Black Communities.” Public Justice 30, no. 1 (2007): 1-4. https://www.cpjustice.org/uploads/Policing_Black_Communities.pdf